Kathmandu: The COP 25 decisions on climate finance matters saw intense wrangling between developed and developing countries until the final hours of the closing plenary that ended on Sunday, 15 Dec, two days later than its original schedule.

A significant outcome of COP 25 were decisions on the 2019 review of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage (WIM), which were finally adopted on Dec 15, through intense and difficult negotiations, since the start of the talks in Madrid on Dec 2.

Developing countries at the closing plenary of COP 25 said that the call for raised ambition in emissions reductions must be matched by ambition on the provision of the means of implementation, especially on finance from developed countries.

The climate talks under the UNFCCC in Madrid that began on Dec 2 and ended on 15 Dec, have been hailed by many as the longest COP to date; and could only conclude with the adoption of several key decisions that were procedural in nature, for the further work to be continued next year, kicking the

At the closing plenary of the climate talks in Madrid that went overtime till Sunday, Dec 15, Parties adopted overarching or cover decisions, following intense wrangling behind closed doors, that revealed opposition from developed countries in having a strong outcome on addressing their pre-2020

The UN climate talks ended almost two days later than scheduled on Sunday, Dec 15, where some key decisions were unable to be adopted, mainly because of clashes of opinion between developed and developing countries.